Understanding Dental Caries From Pathogenesis to Prevention and Therapy 1st Edition Goldberg Test Bank is a resource designed to assess knowledge of dental caries, their development, and the prevention and therapeutic interventions to manage them.Focus on the pathogenesis of dental caries, including microbial, dietary, and environmental factors that contribute to their development.Questions related to the clinical and radiographic identification of early and advanced carious lesions. Topics include fluoride application, sealants, dietary counseling, and patient education for caries prevention.

1. Part I: The Carious Enamel
2. 1: Understanding Dental Caries – from Pathogenesis to Prevention and Therapy
3. 1.1 The Carious Enamel
4. 1.2 Introduction
5. 1.3 Structure
6. 1.4 Diagnosis
7. 1.5 Which Treatment Is Appropriate (When)
8. References
9. 2: Enamel Softening (Dental Erosion)
10. 2.1 Introductory Remarks
11. 2.2 Dental Erosion
12. 2.3 Crystallite Dissolution
13. 2.3.1 Four Types of Physical and Chemical Dental Erosions Have Been Reported
14. 2.3.2 Structure and Chemistry of Dental Erosion
15. 2.3.3 Intrinsic Causes of Erosion
16. References
17. 3: Enamel Etching
18. 3.1 The Acid-Etched Enamel: Clinical Usefulness
19. 3.2 Effects of Acid or Chelating Solutions on Dental Enamel
20. 3.3 The Thickness of Enamel Layers After Etching
21. References
22. 4: The Early Enamel Carious Lesion
23. 4.1 Enamel Structure and Composition
24. 4.2 The Early Carious Enamel Lesion
25. 4.3 Occlusal and Proximal Caries
26. 4.4 Microscopic Changes of Enamel (Figs. 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, and 4.7)
27. 4.5 Ultrastructural Changes in Enamel
28. References
29. 5: Dental Biofilms in Health and Disease
30. 5.1 Introduction
31. 5.2 Resident Microbiota of the Mouth
32. 5.3 Benefits of the Oral Microbiota
33. 5.4 Dental Biofilms
34. 5.5 Dental Plaque Formation
35. 5.6 Microbiology of Caries
36. 5.7 Cariogenic Features of Dental Biofilm Bacteria
37. 5.8 Theories to Explain the Association of Dental Plaque Biofilms to Caries
38. 5.9 Implications for Prevention and Control
39. References
40. 6: New Caries Diagnostic Methods
41. 6.1 Introduction
42. 6.2 Laser-Induced Fluorescence Methods
43. 6.3 Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF)
44. 6.4 Fiber-Optic Transillumination (FOTI)
45. 6.5 Near-Infrared Transillumination
46. Conclusions
47. References
48. 7: From the Initial Carious Lesion of Enamel to the Early Development of Coronal Dentin Carious
49. 7.1 Dentin Caries: The Different Layers
50. 7.1.1 Non-carious Dentin
51. 7.1.2 Extracellular Organic Matrix
52. 7.2 Size of the Hydroxyapatite Crystallites in the Intertubular Dentin
53. 7.3 White and Brown Spots
54. References
55. Part II: The Carious Dentin
56. 8: The Dentinoenamel Junction
57. 8.1 Cervical Cemento-Dentinal Formation
58. 8.2 Biomechanical Aspects of the Cervical Zone
59. 8.2.1 Structural Aspects of Cervical Enamel and Dentin
60. 8.2.1.1 Enamel
61. 8.2.1.2 Dentin
62. 8.2.1.3 Cervical Lesions
63. 8.2.2 Mechanical and Tribological Properties of the DEJ
64. 8.2.3 Specific Composition of the DEJ
65. 8.2.4 Enzymes
66. 8.2.5 Abfraction Lesion Formation
67. References
68. 9: Superficial and Deep Carious Lesions
69. 9.1 Different Types of Carious Lesion
70. 9.2 Reactionary and Reparative Dentin Formation
71. References
72. 10: Cervical Sclerotic Dentin: Resin Bonding
73. 10.1 Introduction
74. 10.2 Noncarious Cervical Sclerotic Dentin
75. 10.3 Microstructural Changes in Sclerotic Dentin
76. 10.3.1 Tubular Occlusion
77. 10.3.2 Hypermineralized Surface Layer in Shiny Sclerotic Lesions
78. 10.3.3 Mineral Distribution
79. 10.3.4 STEM/EDX Analysis
80. 10.3.5 Status of the Collagen Fibrils Within the Surface Hypermineralized Layer
81. 10.3.6 Summary of the Microstructural Changes in Noncarious Sclerotic Cervical Dentin
82. 10.4 Bonding Adhesive Resins to Sclerotic Dentin
83. 10.4.1 Total-Etch Technique
84. 10.4.2 Self-Etching Technique
85. 10.4.3 Problems in Bonding to Sclerotic Dentin
86. 10.4.4 Obstacles in Bonding to Acid-­Etched, Sound Dentin
87. 10.4.5 Obstacles in Bonding to Acid-­Etched Sclerotic Dentin
88. 10.4.6 Obstacles to Bonding in Sound Dentin Treated with a Self-Etching Primer Alone
89. 10.4.7 Obstacles in Bonding to Self-­Etching Primer Treated Sclerotic Dentin
90. 10.4.7.1 Sclerotic Dentin with a Thin Hypermineralized Layer (<0.5 μm Thick)
91. 10.4.7.2 Sclerotic Dentin with a Thick, Continuous Hypermineralized Layer (>0.5 μm)
92. 10.4.8 Summary of Obstacles in Bonding to Sound Versus Sclerotic Dentin
93. 10.5 Regional Microtensile Bond Strength Evaluation
94. 10.6 Restoring the Class V Sclerotic Lesion
95. Conclusions
96. References
97. 11: The Pulp Reaction Beneath the Carious Lesion
98. 11.1 Extracellular Matrix of Sound Pulp: Composition
99. 11.2 Cells
100. 11.3 Neuropeptides in Dental Pulp
101. 11.4 Human T-Lymphocyte Subpopulation
102. 11.5 The Carious Pulp
103. 11.6 Reactionary and Reparative Dentin Formation
104. 11.6.1 Reactionary Dentin Formation
105. 11.6.2 Reparative Dentin Formation
106. 11.7 Pulp Capping
107. References
108. Part III: Cervical Erosions
109. 12: Ultrastructure of the Enamel-­Cementum Junction
110. 12.1 Procollagen Fibrillogenesis in Dentinogenesis
111. 12.2 Enamel Surface
112. 12.3 Morphology of the Cemento-­Enamel Junction
113. 12.4 Erosive Tooth Wear (Figs. 12.4 and 12.5)
114. 12.5 Root Caries
115. References
116. 13: Cervical Erosions: Morphology and Restoration of Cervical Erosions
117. 13.1 Morphology of Cervical Dentin Erosion
118. 13.2 Restoration of Cervical Dentin Erosions
119. References
120. 14: Cervical Regeneration
121. 14.1 Abfraction: Non-carious Cervical Lesions
122. 14.2 Pulpal Regeneration
123. 14.3 Dental Pulp Engineering and Regeneration: Advancement and Challenge
124. 14.4 Tooth Resorption
125. 14.5 Cervical Regeneration
126. References
127. Part IV: Fluoride
128. 15: Fluoride
129. 15.1 Dental Fluorosis
130. 15.1.1 Mechanisms of Enamel Fluorosis
131. 15.1.2 Fluoride Effects on Dentin Formation
132. 15.2 Fluoride in Food and Water
133. 15.3 Fluoride and Remineralizing Agents
134. 15.3.1 Fluoride Delivered from Oral Care Products
135. 15.3.2 Other Remineralizing Agents
136. References
137. Part V: Invasive and Non-invasive Therapies
138. 16: Brushing, Toothpastes, Salivation, and Remineralization
139. 16.1 Toothbrushing and Toothpaste
140. 16.1.1 Changes in Fluoride Concentration of Saliva During Brushing
141. 16.1.2 Modern Toothpastes
142. 16.1.3 Modern Toothpaste Components
143. 16.1.4 Fluoride and Non-fluoride Mineralization Systems
144. 16.1.5 Toothpastes and Abrasivity
145. 16.1.6 Toothpastes and Abrasivity Testing
146. 16.2 Toothbrush: Manual vs. Power
147. 16.2.1 Brushing Techniques
148. 16.2.2 Clinical Brushing Studies
149. 16.2.3 Power Brush Options
150. 16.3 Saliva and Saliva Substitutes
151. References
152. 17: Resin Infiltration Treatment for Caries Lesions
153. 17.1 Background
154. 17.2 Uptake of Extraneous Materials into Carious Lesions
155. 17.3 Infiltration of Carious Enamel with Resin Materials
156. 17.3.1 Background
157. 17.3.2 Fissure Sealing
158. 17.3.3 Infiltration
159. 17.3.4 Resins for Infiltration
160. 17.3.4.1 Resorcinol Formaldehyde
161. 17.3.4.2 Methacrylate-Based Resins
162. 17.3.5 Detection of Resin Within the Lesion and Measurement of Occluded Volume
163. 17.3.5.1 Detection of Infiltrated Resin
164. 17.3.5.2 Determination of Occluded Pore Volume
165. 17.3.6 Effects of Infiltration on Carious Tissue
166. 17.3.7 Application to Other Enamel Dysplasias Exhibiting Abnormal Porosity
167. 17.3.8 Future Developments
168. 17.3.8.1 Design of Infiltration Materials
169. References
170. 18: Minimally Invasive Therapy: Keeping Treated Teeth Functional for Life
171. 18.1 Introduction
172. 18.2 Minimal Intervention Dentistry
173. 18.2.1 Its Rationale
174. 18.2.2 Its Cornerstones
175. 18.3 Managing Dental Caries
176. 18.3.1 Managing Enamel Carious Lesions: Therapies Other Than Fluoride and Infiltration
177. 18.3.1.1 Casein Phosphopeptides-�Amorphous Calcium Phosphate
178. 18.3.1.2 Ozone
179. 18.3.1.3 Chlorhexidine-Containing Agents
180. 18.3.1.4 Sealants
181. Indications for Placing a Sealant
182. Resin-Based Sealants
183. Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) High-Viscosity Glass-Ionomers
184. Effectiveness of Fissure Sealants
185. Comparison Between ART Sealants and Resin Sealants
186. 18.4 Managing Dentine Carious Lesions
187. 18.4.1 How Does One Manage a Dentine Carious Lesion?
188. 18.4.2 Non-cavitated Dentine Carious Lesions
189. 18.4.3 Small Cavitated Dentine Carious Lesions
190. 18.4.4 Obvious Cavitated Dentine Carious Lesions in Primary Teeth
191. 18.4.4.1 Cleansable Cavitated Dentine Carious Lesions
192. Ultraconservative Treatment
193. Silver Diamine Fluoride
194. Hall Technique
195. 18.4.5 Restorative Management of Carious Lesions
196. 18.4.5.1 Principles for the Removal of Demineralised Carious Dentine
197. 18.4.5.2 How Much Demineralised Carious Dentine Needs to be Removed?
198. 18.4.5.3 Which Dentine Carious Tissue Removal Method Is Preferable?
199. 18.4.5.4 Disinfecting Excavated Tooth Cavities
200. 18.4.5.5 Cavity Lining
201. 18.4.5.6 Restorative Materials
202. 18.4.5.7 Restoring a Cleaned Cavity
203. 18.4.5.8 The Atraumatic Restorative Treatment
204. 18.5 How to Manage a Defective Restoration
205. 18.6 Concluding Remarks
206. References
207. 19: Invasive and Noninvasive Therapies
208. 19.1 Prevention in Dental Practice
209. 19.1.1 What Is Prevention?
210. 19.1.2 Individual Caries Risk Assessment
211. 19.1.3 Strategies for Prevention
212. 19.1.3.1 Education
213. Preventing Early Colonization
214. Toothbrushing
215. Dietary Counseling
216. 19.1.3.2 Dental Sealants
217. 19.1.3.3 Fluoridated Agents
218. Fluoride Toothpaste
219. Fluoride Varnish
220. Fluoride Mouthwashes
221. Fluoride Gels
222. Comparison of the Caries-Preventive Effectiveness of One Form of Topical Fluoride Intervention w
223. Slow-Release Fluoride Devices
224. Fluoride Tablets, Drops, Chewing Gums, and Lozenges
225. 19.1.3.4 Non-fluoridated Agents
226. Xylitol-Containing Products
227. Chlorhexidine
228. CPP-ACP
229. Other Molecules
230. 19.1.4 Follow-Up
231. 19.1.5 Caries Management by Risk Assessment
232. 19.1.6 Key Messages for Dental Practitioners